Architecture: What's Hot Now: 1880 - 1910: Queen Anne

Tuesday, 30 August 2011 0 意見
Architecture: What's Hot Now
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1880 - 1910: Queen Anne
Aug 30th 2011, 10:00

Fanciful Queen Anne architecture takes on many shapes. Read below for features of the style.

Victorian Queen Anne Homes often have towers, turrets, and wrap-around porches.

Victorian Queen Anne Homes often have towers, turrets, wrap-around porches, and other fanciful details. This Queen Anne house is in Saratoga, New York.

Photo © 2005 Jackie Craven

Queen Anne houses have many of these features:

  • Steep roof
  • Complicated, asymmetrical shape
  • Front-facing gable
  • One-story porch that extends across one or two sides of the house
  • Round or square towers
  • Wall surfaces textured with decorative shingles, patterned masonry, or half-timbering
  • Ornamental spindles and brackets
  • Bay windows

About the Queen Anne style:

Queen Anne became an architectural fashion in the 1880s and 1890s, when the industrial revolution brought new technologies. Builders began to use mass-produced pre-cut architectural trim to create fanciful and sometimes flamboyant houses.

Not all Queen Anne houses are lavishly decorated, however. Some builders showed restraint in their use of embellishments. Still, the flashy "painted ladies" of San Francisco and the refined brownstones of Brooklyn share many of the same features.

Learn more about the Queen Anne house style:
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: The National 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York

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The National 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York
Aug 30th 2011, 10:00

The National 9/11 Memorial and Museum will honor those who died in terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993.

A beam from the destroyed Twin Towers will be displayed inside the National 9/11 Museum

A beam from the destroyed Twin Towers will be displayed inside the National 9/11 Museum

Rendering by Squared Design Lab, Courtesy of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum
Plans for the National 9/11 Memorial include a museum with artifacts from the original buildings that were destroyed on September 11, 2001. At the entrance, a high glass atrium will display two trident-shaped columns salvaged from the ruins.

Designing a museum of this scope is a long and involved process, and plans are likely to see many transformations. Architect Craig Dykers of Snøhetta will integrate the museum building with the 9/11 Memorial known as Reflecting Absence.

Learn More
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Bagsvard Church by Jorn Utzon

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Bagsvard Church by Jorn Utzon
Aug 30th 2011, 10:00

by Jorn Utzon,
2003 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate


Photos by Bent Ryberg/Planet Foto


Plan by Jorn Utzon

Previous Photo | Index | Next Photo

Commenting on his design for the Bagsvard Church, Jorn Utzon wrote:

"At an exhibition of my works, including the Sydney Opera House there was also a drawing of a small church in the centre of a town. Two ministers representing a congregation that had been saving for 25 years to build a new church, saw it and asked me if I would be the architect for their church. There I stood, and was offered the finest task an architect can have - a magnificent time when it was the light from above that showed us the way."

According to Utzon, the genesis of the design went back to a time when he was teaching at the University of Hawaii and spent time on the beaches. One evening, he was struck by the regular passage of clouds, thinking they could be the basis for the ceiling of a church. His early sketches showed groups of people on the beach with clouds overhead. His sketches evolved with the people framed by columns on each side and billowing vaults above, and moving toward a cross.

More about Jorn Utzon

Life and works of Jorn Utzon

Jorn Utzon Photo Tour

20th Century Trends in Architecture
Modernism, Formalism, Bauhaus and more.
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Sustainable Development

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Sustainable Development
Aug 30th 2011, 10:00

Definition:

"Sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
~World Commission on Environment and Development

The term sustainable development means that builders, architects, designers, community planners, and real estate developers strive to create buildings and communities that will not deplete natural resources. The goal is to meet today's needs using renewable resources so that the needs of future generations will be provided for.

Sustainable development attempts to minimize greenhouse gases, reduce global warming, preserve environmental resources, and provide communities that allow people to reach their fullest potentials.

Sustainable development will have many, although not necessarily all, of these characteristics:

  • Green architecture and eco-friendly building practices
  • Local building materials
  • Natural, bio-degradable building materials
  • Local workers
  • Renewable sources for water
  • Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind
  • Protection of natural habitats
  • Planned replacement for any resources used
  • Non-polluting construction practices and industries
  • Walkable communities
  • Mixed-use communities that combine residential and commercial activities
  • New Urbanism
  • Adaptive reuse of older buildings
  • Use of recycled architectural salvage
The emphasis of sustainable development is on the conservation of environmental resources. However, the concept of sustainable development is often broadened to include the protection and development of human resources. Communities founded on principles of sustainable development may strive to provide abundant educational resources, career development opportunities, and social services.

Also Known As:
sustainable design, green architecture, eco-design, eco-friendly architecture, earth-friendly architecture, environmental architecture, natural architecture

Examples:


The Villages of Loreto Bay in Loreto Bay, Mexico is promoted as a model of sustainable development. The community claims to produce more energy than it consumes and more water than it uses. Some environmentalists charge that the developers' claims are overstated.
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: World Trade Center Tower 2

Monday, 29 August 2011 0 意見
Architecture: What's Hot Now
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World Trade Center Tower 2
Aug 29th 2011, 10:00

The tall height of Tower 2 conveys important meanings.

Sectional view of Tower 2 at the new World Trade Center

Sectional view of Tower 2 at the new World Trade Center

Rendering: Foster and Partners, courtesy of Silverstein Properties

"The dramatic height of the tower celebrates the spirit that has historically driven Manhattan to build tall," Lord Foster said in his architect's statement.
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Safe Room

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Safe Room
Aug 29th 2011, 10:00

Definition:

A SAFE ROOM is a shelter that is strong enough to provide safety from catastrophic events such as wars or storms.

The illustration on this page shows a model safe room by Gaffco, a company that manufactures bullet-resistant systems. With prices starting at $50,000, Gaffco safe rooms are designed to provide protection during terrorist attacks.

A safe room does not have to be large or costly. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends creating a simple but sturdy storm shelter in the basement or firmly anchored to a concrete foundation. The walls and doors should be strong enough to withstand forceful wind and flying debris.

How To Build a Safe Room

Also Known As: Panic Room, Emergency Shelter, Bomb Shelter

Common Misspellings: Saferoom
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Wright's Curtis Meyer House

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Wright's Curtis Meyer House
Aug 29th 2011, 10:00

You may notice many similarities between Frank Lloyd Wright's Curtis Meyer House in Galesburg, Michigan and his earlier Jacobs II House in Wisconsin. Both are hemicycles with an arched glass front and a flat, protected back side.

Along the eastern side of the Curtis Meyer house, a crescent-shaped glass wall seems to follow the line of the grassy knoll. At the center of the house, a two-story tower encloses a stairway that leads from a carport and bedroom down to the lower level living area.
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Architecture: Happy Birthday, Charles Follen McKim

Tuesday, 23 August 2011 0 意見
Architecture
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Happy Birthday, Charles Follen McKim
Aug 24th 2011, 01:00

The Shingle Style Isaac Bell House in Newport, RI by McKim, Mead and White American Architect Charles Follen McKim was born on August 24 in 1847. With his partners at McKim, Mead & White, he became known for relaxed Shingle Style houses with open floor plans. McKim and his firm also designed grand public buildings like the Boston Public Library and Pennsylvania Station in New York City.

Photo: The Shingle Style Isaac Bell House in Newport, RI by McKim, Mead and White. � Flickr Member Revjim5000
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Foursquare Colors

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Foursquare Colors
Aug 23rd 2011, 10:00

The base of their sunroom was surrounded by vinyl siding - definitely not in keeping with the character of the 1910 Foursquar home.

Before they began painting, Amy and Tim ripped off the vinyl to discover a pleasant surprise underneath - Solid wood panels with decorative moldings.

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Architecture: What's Hot Now: US Supreme Court Building

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US Supreme Court Building
Aug 23rd 2011, 10:00

Built 1928 - 1935
Cass Gilbert, architect

Architect Cass Gilbert is often praised for pioneering the skyscraper, yet he looked back to ancient Rome when he designed the US Supreme Court Building. The Neoclassical style was chosen to reflect democratic ideals. Its sculpted pediments tell allegories of justice and mercy. Ironically, Gilbert's friendship with Mussolini helped him obtain the marble used for the interior columns.
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: About Your House

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About Your House
Aug 23rd 2011, 10:00

What style is it? Who made it? When? And, why? Some mysteries will never be solved, but if the answers are out there, the Internet can lead you to them. Begin with these resources.

Still stumped?

For help with your building and remodeling questions, post a photo on our House Helpline. Chances are, someone there will have an answer for you. Selected photos are often featured on our home page at architecture.about.com. If your home is featured, you'll have an even greater chance of receiving helpful feedback. All answers are posted in the House Helpline forum, so your email address and other identifying information can remain confidential.

I hope you have fun exploring this site and that you find the information you need. To keep tabs on what's happening in the Forum and on these pages, be sure to sign up for our free email newsletter.

For more research tips, don't miss Architecture on the Web

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Architecture: What's Hot Now: The Martin Luther King Memorial in Seattle, Washington

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The Martin Luther King Memorial in Seattle, Washington
Aug 23rd 2011, 10:00

Robert Kelly designed the sculpture and fountain for the Martin Luther King Memorial in Seattle, Washington. It was dedicated November 16, 1991.

King Memorial in Seattle, Washington

The Martin Luther King Memorial

Photo: ArtToday.com
Rising from an elliptical reflecting pool in the Martin Luther King Memorial Park, Robert Kelly's sculpture is a symbolic memorial to the slain civil rights leader. Carved from black granite, the 30-foot sculpture was inspired by Martin Luther King's "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech, made the day before he was assassinated in 1968. The monument is composed of three segments representing the Christian Trinity and also the union of mother, father, and child. Twelve bronze plaques around the edge of the pool relate key events from Martin Luther King's life: his birth, his winning of the Nobel Peace Prize, his assassination and the creation of the national holiday in his honor. The sculpture and fountain are surrounded by a hillside with six curving terraces offering views of Rainier Valley.

Robert Kelly was a Seattle native and an instructor at Edmonds Community College. The concept for the memorial originated with Seattle resident Charlie James.

Learn More About the Martin Luther King Memorial in Seattle:

Other Memorials for Martin Luther King, Jr.:
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Architecture: Designing King's Massive Memorial

Monday, 22 August 2011 0 意見
Architecture
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Designing King's Massive Memorial
Aug 23rd 2011, 01:00

Detail of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington, DCChinese sculptor Lei Yixin and executive architect Ed Jackson Jr. went head-to-head over the 30-foot sculpture at the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington DC. How could they create a monument that suggested strength and authority without appearing confrontational? With so many revisions, it's no wonder that the memorial took more than a decade to build.

The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington DC is now open to the public and will be officially dedicated on August 28.

More Memorials for Martin Luther King, Jr.:

Above: Detail of the Martin Luther King sculpture at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial on the National Mall in Washington DC. Photo � Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Battlements and Crenellations

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Battlements and Crenellations
Aug 22nd 2011, 10:00

Definition:

On a castle or fort, a battlement or crenellation is a parapet with open spaces for shooting. The raised portions of a battlement ("A" in illustration) are called merlons, and the openings ("B") are called embrasures. Masonry buildings in the Gothic Revival style may have architectural decoration which resembles battlements.

Also Known As:

castellation

Alternate Spellings:

crenelation
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Charles Rennie Mackintosh

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Aug 22nd 2011, 10:00

Scottish architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh was praised for his elegant detailing and skillful use of light and space.

Born:

June 7, 1868 in the Townhead area of Glasgow, Scotland

Died:

December 10, 1928 in London, England

Education:

  • Glasgow School of Art
  • Toured Italy under a traveling scholarship

Early Training:

  • Apprenticeship with John Hutchinson
  • Draughtsman for Honeyman & Keppie

Creative Collaborations:

During his time at the Glasgow School of Art, Mackintosh was part of "The Four," a group of designers that included the sisters Margaret and Frances MacDonald and follow artist Herbert McNair.

"The Four" exhibited posters, graphic designs, and furniture in Great Britain and Europe. Along with other artists and designers, they developed the Glasgow Style, known for strong lines and graceful, symbolic shapes.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Margaret MacDonald married, forming a creative partnership that lasted their lifetimes.

Selected Buildings:

Other Works:

Charles Rennie Mackintosh is famous for unique furniture designs such as the The Hill House Chair. Charles Rennie Mackintosh also designed stained glass, textiles, and metalwork. Later in his career, Charles Rennie Mackintosh painted water colors.

Important Styles:

About Charles Rennie Mackintosh:

Charles Rennie Mackintosh was one of eleven children, and he suffered from a limp and other health problems. Encouraged to spend time in the country, he developed a love of nature that later found expression in his Art Nouveau designs.

With his wife, Margaret MacDonald, Charles Rennie Mackintosh pioneered modern design in Scotland, and their Art Nouveau works helped lay the foundation for the Arts & Crafts movement in Britain.

Buildings designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh are praised for their elegant detailing and skillful use of light and space.
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Sears House Plans Index

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Sears House Plans Index
Aug 22nd 2011, 10:00

Sears House Plans
Index

Use this directory to find floor plans and elevation drawings, reprinted from the original catalogs for Sears Mail Order houses.

1908:

Sears, Modern Home No. 125

Sears, Modern Home No. 126

1909:

Sears, Modern Home No. 64

Sears, Modern Home No. 70

Sears, Modern Home No. 126

Sears, Modern Home No. 144

Sears, Modern Home No. 147

1911:

Sears, Modern Home No. 151, The Avondale

Sears, Modern Home No. 162, The Elmwood

Sears, Modern Home No. 156, The Glyndon

Sears, Modern Home No. 172, The Hazelton

Sears, Modern Home No. 168, The Matoka

Sears, Modern Home No. 161, The Niota

Sears, Modern Home No. 173, The Princeville

Sears, Modern Home No. 165

Sears, Modern Home No. 191

Sears, Modern Home No. 198

Sears, Modern Home No. 225

Sears, Modern Home No. 228

Sears, Modern Home No. 240

1912:

Sears, Modern Home No. 400

Sears, Modern Home No. 401

1913:

Sears, Modern Home No. 145, The Arlington

Sears, Modern Home No. 203, The Warham

Sears, Modern Home No. 155

Sears, Modern Home No. 182

Sears, Modern Home No. 202

Sears, Modern Home No. 204

Sears, Modern Home No. 229

1915:

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p107, The Alberta & The Wayside

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p245, The Argyle

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p237, The Belmont

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p240, The Corona

Sears, Modern Home No. 208, The Elsmore

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p201, The Hawthorne

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p234, The Hollywood

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p244, The Osborne

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p233, The Savoy

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p217, The Starlight

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p248, The Wabash

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p206, The Westly

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p205, The Winona

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p182

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p228

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p238

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p239

Sears, Modern Home No. 264p243

1917:

Sears, Modern Home No. C2032, The Arcadia

Sears, Modern Home No. C250, The Ashmore

Sears, Modern Home No. C2029, The Katonah

Sears, Modern Home No. C216A, The Kismet

Sears, Modern Home No. C2024, The Marina

Sears, Modern Home No. C187, The Sherbourne

Sears, Modern Home No. C2038

1918:

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2099, The Adeline

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 237, The Belmont

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2091, The Brookside

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3031, The Carlin

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2028, The Delevan

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2098, The Pineola

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2044, The Rosita

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2030, The Saranac

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2023, The Savoy

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2008, The Somerset

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 2027, The Sumner

1919:

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3039, The Ardara

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3029, The Lebanon

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3041, The Rodessa

1920:

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3058, The Bandon

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7030, The Clyde

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7028, The Olivia

1921:

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7031, The Alpha

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3048, The Avalon

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3081, The Cinderella

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 8013, The Columbine

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3086, The Crescent

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3065, The Del Ray

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3051, The Dundee

Sears, Honor Bilt Home, The Harper

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3072, The Homeville

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7034, The Ionia

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7044, The Josephine

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7013, The Kilbourne

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3053, The Lorne

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 7004, The Rest

Sears, Honor Bilt Home, The Springwood

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3044, The Stone Ridge

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3052, The Uriel

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 6000, The Valley

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3049, The Vallonia

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 6001, The Vinita

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 6002, The Vinemont

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 6003, The Verndale

Sears, Honor Bilt Home No. 3050, The Walton
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Dulles International Airport

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Dulles International Airport
Aug 22nd 2011, 10:00

The main terminal of Dulles Airport has a curving roof and tapered columns, suggesting a sense of flight.

Dulles International Airport by Eero Saarinen

Dulles International Airport Terminal, Chantilly, Virginia. Eero Saarinen, architect.

Photo ©2004 Alex Wong / Getty Images
The interior of the main terminal at Dulles Airport is a vast space free of columns. The sloping roof is an enormous catenary curve.

Photos and history: Washington Dulles International Airport
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: 1855 - 1885: Second Empire (Mansard) Style

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1855 - 1885: Second Empire (Mansard) Style
Aug 22nd 2011, 10:00

Second Empire homes usually have these features:

  • Mansard roof
  • Dormer windows project like eyebrows from roof
  • Rounded cornices at top and base of roof
  • Brackets beneath the eaves, balconies, and bay windows

Many Second Empire homes also have these features:

  • Cupola
  • Patterned slate on roof
  • Wrought iron cresting above upper cornice
  • Classical pediments
  • Paired columns
  • Tall windows on first story
  • Small entry porch

Second Empire buildings with tall mansard roofs were modeled after the the opulent architecture of Paris during the reign of Napoleon III. French architects used the term horror vacui - the fear of unadorned surfaces - to describe the highly ornamented Second Empire style. Second Empire buildings were also practical: their height allowed for additional living space on narrow city lots.

In the United States, government buildings in the Second Empire style resemble the elaborate French designs. Private homes, however, often have an Italianate flavor. Both Italianate and Second Empire houses tend to be square in shape, and both can have U-shaped window crowns, decorative brackets, and single story porches. But, Italianate houses have much wider eaves... and they do not have the distinctive mansard roof characteristic of the Second Empire style.

Learn more:
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Architecture: What's Hot Now: Organic Architecture

Friday, 19 August 2011 0 意見
Architecture: What's Hot Now
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Organic Architecture
Aug 19th 2011, 10:00

Definition:

Organic Architecture is a term Frank Lloyd Wright used to describe his approach to architectural design. The philosophy grew from the ideas of Frank Lloyd Wright's mentor, Louis Sullivan, who believed that "form follows function." Wright argued that "form and function are one."

Organic architecture strives to integrate space into a unified whole. Frank Lloyd Wright was not concerned with architectural style, because he believed that every building should grow naturally from its environment.

From An Organic Architecture, 1939, by Frank Lloyd Wright:

"So here I stand before you preaching organic architecture: declaring organic architecture to be the modern ideal and the teaching so much needed if we are to see the whole of life, and to now serve the whole of life, holding no 'traditions' essential to the great TRADITION. Nor cherishing any preconceived form fixing upon us either past, present or future, but - instead - exalting the simple laws of common sense - or of super-sense if you prefer - determining form by way of the nature of materials..."

Modernist Approaches to Organic Design:

In the later half of the twentieth century, Modernist architects took the concept of organic architecture to new heights. By using new forms of concrete and cantilever trusses, architects could create swooping arches without visible beams or pillars.

Modern organic buildings are never linear or rigidly geometric. Instead, wavy lines and curved shapes suggest natural forms.

Examples:
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